This project had its genesis in an invitation from the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) to Pratichi to conduct a study of the overall quality of schooling provided in the schools run by it. The research team of Pratichi, studied with very great care, a certain number of non-private primary institutions in Kolkata run either by the KMC itself – like the Corporation primary schools and Shishu Shiksha Kendras (SSKs) – or by the Kolkata District Primary School Council (KDPSC). Members of the team went beyond readily provided data and concentrated on directly observed ground realities as well as findings based on extensive interviews and conversations with the stake-holders.